Subthemes:

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• The adoption of socially just and equitable approaches to quality improvement in the field of maternal and child health.

• Global and national efforts to address maternal and child health inequities, unmet social determinants of health, lactation support, and inclusive approaches to infant feeding.

• World Health Organization Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Implementation Guidance  and the application to the Ten Steps and WHO Code Outcome Indicators in Canada.

• Optimal infant feeding in complex systems; recognizing the relationship between chronic disease prevalence, household food insecurity and access to safe sustainable food systems in times of emergency.

• Context and constraints: unmet social determinants of health and disparities in breastfeeding.

• Resurgence of breastfeeding as an act of Indigenous cultural revitalization.

Subthemes:

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• Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Canada Calls to Action and the relevancy for organizations and individuals supporting maternal-child health.

• The Baby-Friendly Initiative implementation as response to the TRC Calls to Action.

• Historical impact of colonization and residential schools on the family unit.

• Personal, organizational and structural barriers that impact infant feeding.

• Grounding practice in cultural safety and the importance of personal responsibility, self-reflection, and the examination of power, privilege, racism and other structural barriers.

Subthemes:

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• Impact of Baby-Friendly implementation on maternal-child health outcomes.

• Creating enabling environments that support informed infant feeding decision-making.

• Breastfeeding as a fundamental public health issue.

• Innovative and informed infant feeding research, programs and policy.

• Value of partnership, collaboration and relationship in supporting system transformation and health system improvement. 

• Grassroots action and the impact of community-led, community-based programs and services.